DNA, genes and chromosomes.

Summary of this article

Explain the difference between DNA, genes, and chromosomes in an easy-to-understand manner. Deepen your basic knowledge by explaining in detail the role, structure, and function of each in the body.

DNA

STRUCTURE: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule with a double helical structure, consisting of four bases (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine).
Role: blueprint that stores genetic information and directs cellular activity.It is replicated in the cell and transmits genetic information from parent to child.
The structure of DNA is shaped like a ‘double helix’. This resembles a twisted ladder: DNA is made up of four bases (adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C)), each of which forms a pair. A is linked to T and G to C. A is linked to T and G to C, respectively. These pairs correspond to the ‘rungs of the ladder’ of DNA. The structure of the double helix is important for keeping genetic information stable within the cell.

Gene

Structure: the portion of a particular base sequence in DNA.
Role: coding unit for a specific protein. Determines traits (e.g. eye colour, blood type).

Chromosome

Structure: DNA tightly folded together with proteins. Human cells have 46 chromosomes.
Role: distributes DNA appropriately during cell division. Contains a large number of genes in succession.