Percentage of fathers excluded

The ‘overall paternity exclusion rate’ is a measure of the probability of a result indicating that a particular individual is not the biological father of a child. In other words, it indicates how certain the result is that an individual is not the father of a proposed child, e.g. in a DNA test. This indicator is important when assessing the reliability of a paternity test.

This is the probability indicated when the father is determined not to be the father.

The probability of being determined to be the father is the paternity affirmation probability.

The Paternity Exclusion (PE) rate for a single locus is calculated on the basis of the allele frequency (f) at a particular locus. The detailed process of calculation and how to obtain the overall exclusion rate using multiple loci is described below.

Calculation of paternal exclusion rates for one locus.

The paternal exclusion rate (PE) at one locus is calculated using the following formula

f = allele frequency (probability of a particular allele being found in a population)
e.g.
Suppose the allele frequency f is 0.2.f = allele frequency (probability of a particular allele being found in a population)
e.g.
Suppose the allele frequency f is 0.2.

The formula applies to:

In this case, the paternal exclusion rate at one locus is 36%.

Calculation of overall exclusion rates for multiple loci combined.

Multiple loci are usually used in DNA testing. The PE calculated at each locus can be combined to obtain an overall exclusion rate. The overall PE at several loci is calculated as follows

PE_i = exclusion rate at each locus
Overall PE = exclusion rate calculated using all loci
e.g.
There are three loci, each with a PE calculated, as follows:
PE_i = exclusion rate at each locus
Overall PE = exclusion rate calculated using all loci
e.g.
There are three loci, each with a PE calculated, as follows:

Locus 1: PE = 0.36
Locus 2: PE = 0.25
Locus 3: PE = 0.40
To calculate this as an overall PE, first calculate (1 – PE) for each locus
1-0.36=0.64,1-0.25=0.75,1-0.40=0.60
Multiply these together:

0.64 x 0.75 x 0.60 = 0.288

Next, calculate the overall PE:0.64 x 0.75 x 0.60 = 0.288

Next, calculate the overall PE:

Overall PE = 1-0.288=0.712
This means that the overall paternal exclusion rate using the three loci is 71.2%.

Key points on paternal exclusion rates

The use of multiple loci improves the accuracy of paternity exclusion.In general, the more loci used, the higher the exclusion rate.
Paternal exclusion rates often reach 99.99% or more, which gives a very high probability of indicating that he is not the father.
Summary
Calculate the paternal exclusion rate using PE = 1 – (1 – f)^2 based on the allele frequency (f) of each locus.
When combining the PEs of several loci, use

to calculate the overall exclusion rate.
Calculating at multiple loci increases the accuracy of excluding paternity.
This method allows DNA testing to determine paternity with a high degree of accuracy.to calculate the overall exclusion rate.
Calculating at multiple loci increases the accuracy of excluding paternity.
This method allows DNA testing to determine paternity with a high degree of accuracy.

Hiro Clinic’s DNA Prenatal Paternity Testing

Hiro Clinic’s DNA Prenatal Paternity Testing (NIPPT) is available at the industry’s lowest price at Hiro Clinic’s directly managed locations nationwide. Testing can be done from the 6th week of pregnancy onward, and the process is completed in a single visit, minimizing inconvenience. If a retest is necessary, it will be conducted free of charge, so you can rest assured. Additionally, tests are conducted at the Tokyo Sanitary Laboratory, which has over 50,000 cases of prenatal testing experience, ensuring reliable results. However, both partners are required to visit the clinic to ensure the most accurate test results. For more information, please check here and make your reservation or inquiry.