Menstrual Troubles
Irregular Menstruation
Irregular menstruation refers to menstrual cycles that fall outside the range of 25 to 38 days. A cycle shorter than 25 days is termed polymenorrhea, while a cycle longer than 39 days is termed oligomenorrhea. If menstruation does not occur for more than three months, it is called amenorrhea. These conditions are primarily caused by hormonal imbalances. In teenagers, irregular menstruation is common due to the body’s immaturity, and it is usually not a cause for concern. However, if irregular menstruation persists into adulthood, it is advisable to consult a gynecologist promptly. Irregular menstruation can also be associated with risks of endometrial cancer, osteoporosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction.
Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea refers to the painful symptoms experienced during menstruation, such as menstrual cramps, lower abdominal pain, lower back pain, nausea, headaches, fatigue, irritability, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. These are pathological symptoms associated with menstruation and can be classified into two types: organic dysmenorrhea, which is caused by underlying diseases, and functional dysmenorrhea, which is not linked to any specific disease.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to the various physical and emotional symptoms that appear 3 to 10 days before menstruation and disappear once menstruation begins. The exact cause is not clear, but it is believed to be related to fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels.
Irregular Bleeding
Irregular bleeding refers to bleeding from the genital tract occurring outside the regular menstrual period. This can be caused by hormonal abnormalities or diseases affecting the vagina, uterus, or ovaries. Fresh blood appears red, older blood may appear brown, and slight bleeding can sometimes appear yellow. As it may be a sign of an underlying disease, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.
Excessive Menstruation
Excessive menstruation, defined as bleeding of more than 140ml during a single menstrual period, can interfere with daily life. The main causes are often organic uterine conditions, such as uterine fibroids and adenomyosis.
