Advanced medical treatment for kidney cancer.

Advanced treatment for kidney cancer incorporates new techniques and therapies in addition to conventional surgery and drug therapy, which are expected to improve the effectiveness of treatment and reduce side effects.Personalised treatment is particularly important for advanced and recurrent kidney cancer.Below are some of the main advanced medical approaches and technologies for kidney cancer.

1. Robot-assisted surgery (da Vinci surgery)

Abstract: Robotic-assisted surgery is a surgical procedure that uses the da Vinci Surgical System to remove kidney cancer tumors with high precision. Partial or total nephrectomy is usually performed. The robotic precision of the operation allows it to be performed with less invasiveness and with protection of nerves and blood vessels.
Advantages: low risk of intra-operative bleeding and complications, fast post-operative recovery. Maximum preservation of renal function is possible, especially in the case of partial nephrectomy.

2. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

Summary: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a small incision is made in the abdomen and the tumors is removed from the kidney using a camera and specialized instruments. Partial nephrectomy is particularly applicable when the tumor is small and normal kidney tissue is preserved.
Advantages: less strain on the body and faster recovery after surgery. Smaller wounds and less post-operative pain. It is particularly useful for patients with small tumor, as it is expected to preserve renal function.

3. Spot Radiation Therapy (SBRT)

Abstract: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a method of treating cancer by concentrating high doses of radiation on cancer cells, with minimal impact on normal surrounding tissue. It is also used when surgery is difficult or for elderly patients.
Advantages: non-invasive treatment and less damage to normal tissue due to the high precision of the radiation. It is expected to have a high therapeutic effect in a short time for localized kidney cancer.

4. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)

Description: radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a treatment in which a needle is inserted directly into the tumor and a high-frequency current is used to heat and destroy it. It is also effective for kidney cancer, especially for small tumors, while preserving renal function.
Advantages: surgery can be avoided and is less physically demanding, making it suitable for elderly patients and patients who are difficult to operate on.It can efficiently destroy local tumours and is characterised by a fast recovery.

5. Molecularly labelled therapies

Abstract: Molecular targeted therapies are methods of treatment that target specific molecules or genes in cancer cells.In kidney cancer, drugs such assunitinib,axitinib and pazopanib are used.These drugs inhibit cancer cell growth and angiogenesis.
Advantages: less impact on normal cells and reduced side effects compared to chemotherapy. It is particularly effective against advanced or metastatic kidney cancer and allows personalized treatment for each patient.

6. Immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors)

Summary: Immunotherapy is a treatment that activates the patient’s own immune system to attack cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab are used to treat kidney cancer. These drugs prevent cancer cells from evading attacks by the immune system and allow immune cells to attack cancer cells.
Advantages: may be effective against advanced or metastatic cancers that do not respond to chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapy, and is characterized by relatively few side effects. Long-term therapeutic effects are also expected.

7. Heavy particle radiotherapy

Description: heavy particle radiotherapy is a form of radiotherapy that uses carbon ions to destroy cancer cells. It has a higher energy than conventional radiotherapy and therefore has a powerful therapeutic effect on cancer cells. It is also applied in the treatment of kidney cancer, especially when surgery is difficult.
Advantages: it exerts a powerful effect on cancer cells with minimal impact on normal tissue.It can be used to shrink or cure tumours and is expected to be effective against advanced or recurrent cancers.

8. Proton beam therapy

Abstract: Proton beam therapy is a type of radiotherapy that uses protons to attack cancer cells and is also used for kidney cancer. The proton beam loses little energy on its path to reach the tumor and releases energy the moment it reaches the tumor, thus minimizing the effect on the normal surrounding tissue.
Advantages: can irradiate cancer cells with high precision and reduce damage to normal tissue. May be effective in cases where surgery is difficult or for recurrent cancers.

9. Nano knife (irreversible electroporation, IRE)

Description: nano knife is a treatment in which a tiny electric current is passed through the tumor, destroying the cell membranes of the cancer cells and killing them. It is also applied to kidney cancer, especially when the tumor is in close proximity to blood vessels or organs.
Advantages: it can destroy tumors without damaging blood vessels or vital organs, making it useful for tumors located in areas that are difficult to operate on. It is non-invasive and is characterized by a low burden on the body.

10. Cancer genomic medicine

Abstract: Cancer genomic medicine is a personalised medicine in which the genetic profile of kidney cancer cells is analysed and the best treatment is selected based on the results.This allows molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapies to be applied to individual patients.
Advantages: treatment is based on the genetic information of each individual patient, which ensures effective treatment with fewer side-Effects Molecularly targeted therapies are selected for specific genetic mutations, allowing for a personalized approach.

Summary

Advanced medical treatments for kidney cancer include robot-assisted surgery, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy and heavy particle therapy,

Various options are offered according to each patient’s medical condition and the progression of their cancer. This is expected to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects compared with conventional therapies, and personalized medicine is advancing, especially for advanced or recurrent cancers.

In order to select the best treatment for a patient’s condition, it is important to fully consult with a specialist and incorporate the latest techniques and treatments.

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